Vitamin B12 injections are an effective and tested cure for horses, dogs,
greyhounds, alpacas, & camels suffering from a deficiency of the vitamin.
COMPOSITION
B12 1000mg/ml
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Horses, dogs, greyhounds, alpacas, & camels suffering from pernicious anemia are treated with a regular dosage
of vitamin B12 injections. This is due to the fact that they are unable to absorb
sufficient vitamin B12 from their dietary food sources and therefore require
intramuscular injections to aid absorption. Nowadays, there are substitutes
in the form of oral supplementation; however physicians generally resort to
this classical treatment.
Research findings show ample evidence to reveal that cobalamin injections of
1-2 mg per day can quickly correct deficiencies. It is not apparent whether
smaller amounts, such as the 25 mcg or so found in multivitamins, are sufficient
to cure deficiencies. Such a claim is substantiated by the fact that although
oral supplementation with vitamin B12 is safe, efficient and inexpensive and
most multi-vitamin pills contain 100-200 microgram of the cyanocobalamin form
of B12, many multivitamins cannot be chewed, which is important for its absorption.
The body's ability to absorb vitamin B12 is reduced with increasing age. Older
people are often detected to have a more potent vitamin B12 deficiency, even
in cases where they do not suffer from pernicious anaemia. Moreover, an intake
of vitamin B12 from food sources decreases markedly with an increase in age,
probably because of a lack of stomach acid. The conventional way of fixing a
vitamin B12 deficiency has been through intramuscular injections. Experiments
also reveal that vitamin B12 intramuscular injections are useful healers of
neurological disorders such as progressive memory loss and lethargy.
To maintain vitamin B12 status, the alternatives to high oral doses of cobalamin
(500-1000 micrograms daily) are routine intramuscular injections at a dosage
of 1 mg per month. This also helps to lower homocysteine levels in the blood,
thereby reducing the probability of heart diseases and strokes.
The utility of vitamin B12 is not restricted to curing deficiencies. Injections
can also serve therapeutic purposes. A vitamin B12 injection acts as a stimulant
for energizing the body, through cobalamin, which transmits its “anti-stress”
elements to the human body. For example a recommended effective cure for chronic
fatigue syndrome (CFS) is 6-70mg dose of vitamin B12 intramuscular injection
per week for 3 weeks.
Vitamin B 12 provides detailed information on Vitamin B 12, Vitamin B 12 Creams,
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 Injections and more. Vitamin B 12 is affiliated
with Topical Vitamin C.
Vitamin B12 is a water soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning
of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of
the eight B vitamins. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell
of the body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty
acid synthesis and energy production.
Vitamin B12 is the name for a class of chemically-related compounds, all of
which have vitamin activity. It is structurally the most complicated vitamin.
Biosynthesis of the basic structure of the vitamin can only be accomplished
by bacteria, but conversion between different forms of the vitamin can be accomplished
in the human body. A common synthetic form of the vitamin, cyanocobalamin, does
not occur in nature, but is used in many pharmaceuticals, supplements and as
food additive, due to its stability and lower cost. In the body it is converted
to the physiological forms, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, leaving behind
the cyanide, albeit in minimal concentration. More recently, hydroxocobalamin,
methylcobalamin and, adenosylcobalamin can also be found in more expensive pharmacological
products and food supplements. The utility of these is presently debated.
Historically, vitamin B12 was discovered from its relationship to the disease
pernicious anemia, which is an autoimmune disease that destroys parietal cells
in the stomach that secrete intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is crucial for
the normal absorption of B12, therefore, a lack of intrinsic factor, as seen
in pernicious anemia, causes a vitamin B12 deficiency. Many other subtler kinds
of vitamin B12 deficiency, and their biochemical effects, have since been elucidated.
The name vitamin B12, known as vitamin B12 (commonly B12 or B12 for short)
generally refers to all forms of the vitamin. Some medical practitioners have
suggested that its use be split into two different categories, however.
In a broad sense B12 refers to a group of cobalt-containing vitamer compounds
known as cobalamins: these include cyanocobalamin (an artifact formed as a result
of the use of cyanide in the purification procedures), hydroxocobalamin (another
medicinal form), and finally, the two naturally occurring cofactor forms of
B12: 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (adenosylcobalamin—AdoB12), the cofactor
of Methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase (MUT), and methylcobalamin (MeB12), the cofactor
of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR).
The term B12 may be properly used to refer to cyanocobalamin, the principal
B12 form used for foods and in nutritional supplements. This ordinarily creates
no problem, except perhaps in rare cases of eye nerve damage, where the body
is only marginally able to use this form due to high cyanide levels in the blood
due to cigarette smoking, and thus requires cessation of smoking, or else B12
given in another form, for the optic symptoms to abate.[1] However, tobacco
amblyopia is a rare enough condition that debate continues about whether or
not it represents a peculiar B12 deficiency which is resistant to treatment
with cyanocobalamin.
Finally, so-called Pseudo-B12 refers to B12-like substances which are found
in certain organisms, including Spirulina (a cyanobacterium) and some algae.
These substances are active in tests of B12 activity by highly sensitive antibody-binding
serum assay tests, which measure levels of B12 and B12-like compounds in blood.
However, these substances do not have B12 biological activity for humans, a
fact which may pose a danger to vegans and others on limited diets who do not
ingest B12 producing bacteria, but who nevertheless may show normal "B12"
levels in the standard immunoassay which has become the normal medical method
for testing for B12 deficiency.[2]
Vitamin B12 is a collection of cobalt and corrin ring molecules which are defined
by their particular vitamin function in the body. All of the substrate cobalt-corrin
molecules from which B12 is made must be synthesized by bacteria. However, after
this synthesis is complete, the body has a limited power to convert any form
of B12 to another, by means of enzymatically removing certain prosthetic chemical
groups from the cobalt atom.
Cyanocobalamin is one such compound that is a vitamin in this B complex, because
it can be metabolized in the body to an active co-enzyme form. However, the
cyanocobalamin form of B12 does not occur in nature normally, but is a byproduct
of the fact that other forms of B12 are avid binders of cyanide (-CN) which
they pick up in the process of activated charcoal purification of the vitamin
after it is made by bacteria in the commercial process. Since the cyanocobalamin
form of B12 is deeply red colored, easy to crystallize, and is not sensitive
to air-oxidation, it is typically used as a form of B12 for food additives and
in many common multivitamins. However, this form is not perfectly synonymous
with B12, inasmuch as a number of substances (vitamers) have B12 vitamin activity
and can properly be labeled vitamin B12, and cyanocobalamin is but one of them.
(Thus, all cyanocobalamin is vitamin B12, but not all vitamin B12 is cyanocobalamin).[3]
B12 is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. The structure of B12
is based on a corrin ring, which is similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme,
chlorophyll, and cytochrome. The central metal ion is cobalt. Four of the six
coordination sites are provided by the corrin ring, and a fifth by a dimethylbenzimidazole
group. The sixth coordination site, the center of reactivity, is variable, being
a cyano group (-CN), a hydroxyl group (-OH), a methyl group (-CH3) or a 5'-deoxyadenosyl
group (here the C5' atom of the deoxyribose forms the covalent bond with Co),
respectively, to yield the four B12 forms mentioned above. Historically, the
covalent C-Co bond is one of first examples of carbon-metal bonds to be discovered
in biology. The hydrogenases and, by necessity, enzymes associated with cobalt
utilization, involve metal-carbon bonds.
Indications
VITAMIN B12-1000 INJECTION is used as an aid in the treatment of anemia in horses
where a deficiency of vitamin B12 is a contributing factor
Form Injectable / Injections
Category - Injectable Vitamins, Blood Builders
For: Horses, Dogs, Greyhounds, Alpacas, & Camels
Dosage and Administration
Administer 2 µg per kg of body weight, intramuscularly or intravenously. Repeat
as indicated.
Presentation - Size: 30mL sterile multi-dose glass vial.
Storage - Store below 25 C (Air Conditioning)
Notes - This product can be used with any other vitamin or supplement from HorsePreRace
Also see - NEWCELLS,
HIPPIRON, B COMPLEX,
